However, with the expansion of business scale, an enterprise gradually forms a stable bureaucracy, and corporate governance transitions from relational to contractual governance (Li and Chen 2005).
Egyptians' post-revolutionary hopes for greater freedom were quickly doused as governance transitioned in 2012 from the military to Mohammed Morsi ― Egypt's first ever democratically-elected leader ― who effectively granted himself temporary unlimited authority without judicial oversight months after taking office.
Conclusions are tentative and caution must be applied in making generalisations, but the Montserrat case is instructive of a more permanent co-governance transition that can occur following a volcanic crisis.
As a governance perspective, transition management views the engagement of a wide variety of stakeholders in policy development as a necessary element in furthering sustainability through enhanced social learning.
They could ensure successful intervention, stabilization, restoration of governance, reconstruction, transition back to local authority, and swift return home of deployed teams.
SMS has grown from a membership of 13 in 2005 to 6,649 members in 2010 and has a decentralised leadership model with a central board and zonal boards (all democratically elected), which has helped ensure transparency, effective governance, and transition of leadership from those who founded SMS to the emerging second line of leadership.
Governance of transitions is often constrained by the equivocality of sustainability goals, the idiosyncrasy of niche experiments and the multiplicity of governance actors and interests.
This paper addresses the governance of transitions to lower carbon cities. Drawing on both governmentality and neo-Gramscian perspectives, we chart and explore the diverse objects, subjects, means and ends evoked as governmental programs, or hegemonic projects in-the-making, are shaped to orchestrate urban carbon governance.
