The probabilistic c-index is the average, for all drug pairs, of the probabilities that the gold standard supports the prediction.
Given a pair of drug combinations j and k, a prediction rank was assigned a score given by the probability that the noisy gold standard supports this prediction.
Our results showing a higher HCII test accuracy if histology is used as the gold standard supports the findings of Sherman et al. [ 58] that a lead time bias occurs if repeat cytology is performed, particularly among women with ASCUS or LSIL.
There is no validated gold-standard diagnostic support tool for LSS, and therefore an accurate diagnosis depends on clinical assessment.
(C ) Gold-standard FSC curves.
The lack of a gold standard that supports the visual diagnosis of pneumonia, may lower the significance of many studies.
They have abandoned these "gold standard" safeguards supported by proliferation experts.
We believe that our employee assistance program represents the gold standard of employee support for other companies to emulate, and recommend that the government mandate and fund this program for all contractors supporting U.S. national security and foreign policy objectives in hostile environments.
The inverse correlation between the number of affected joints, the PODCI, and the gold standard questionnaire scores support its convergent validity.
Even though within the BELLA study no diagnosis is available as a gold standard, the data support the assumption that the failure to identify children with poorly specified diagnoses or impairing sub-threshold conditions, as pointed out by Angold et al. [ 2], applies also to screening questionnaires.
In the absence of a "gold standard" for social support, the construct validity of the instrument was assessed by a series of comparisons of the ESSI with depression, social, mental, and physical functioning, disease-specific symptom severity, and quality of life.
