The goal instruction to "generate as many reasons as possible" resulted in deeper, more contingent arguments, closer to Mercer's (1996) notion of exploratory talk, whereas the persuade goal resulted in arguments that were more adversarial and somewhat better supported.
The PCA resulted in a two-component structure, with one component focusing on the quality of instructional organisation (goals, instructions, assessment and feedback) and the other component focusing on usability.
To determine the effectiveness of the testing procedure, we surveyed the participants' perceptions regarding the key elements in the instructional setting of the automated testing station (goals, instructions, assessment and feedback) and elements related to the setup.
In addition to professional development offered to teachers, we created for each activity a teacher guide that included links to the learning goals, instructions for the use of interactive models and a suggested lesson plan with proposed discussion starters as well as answers to each of the questions embedded within the activity.
"We have very specific goals and instructions: to complete the unwinding as expeditiously as possible and to maximize value," said Nelson Rising, a prominent Los Angeles real estate developer.
They assumed that knowledge is constructed by the learner and that the goal of instruction is to help students recognize and modify their own thinking.
The intervention used nine specific BCTs: Intention formation, barrier identification, specific goal setting, instruction, general encouragement, self-monitoring of behaviour social support, review of behavioural goals and relapse prevention.
What are your personal goals?' Writing instructions for the assignment in semester 5: 'Reflect on your view of the medical profession when you wrote your last reflection – what has changed during these five semesters of studies?
It also suggests that a form of professional development that focuses on having teachers elaborate on content considerations, what they believe is central about student learning, and their goals for instruction, can serve as a mechanism for productive reflections on teaching.
