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We applied a whole brain corrected, paired t-test to the data assessing for regions differentially activated by low frequency no-go cues relative to high frequency go cues.
The neural circuitry underlying response control is often studied using go/no-go tasks, in which participants are required to respond as fast as possible to go cues and withhold from responding to no-go stimuli.
Subjects were reminded before each block to remain vigilant and respond as quickly as possible to go cues.
Informative and "Go" cues elicited the frontocentral P50-N100-P200 and complex and slower late potentials [Golob et al., 2002; Wood and Wolpaw, 1982].
In the current task, response control was studied using a fully counterbalanced design in which blocks with a low frequency of no-go cues (75% go, 25% no-go) were alternated with blocks with a low frequency of go cues (25% go, 75% no-go); see also "Segregating attention from response control when performing a motor inhibition task: Segregating attention from response control" [1].
Attenuation prior to go/nogo cues was not tested, nor was there any independent evidence that subjects prepared actions in expectation of go cues.
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For the shortest go cue delay, participants missed the response deadline 20% to 75% of the time.
As in a previous study using a similar method (Experiment 1 in [1]), participants responded promptly to the go cue overall, though all participants' responses were slower when the go cue delay was shorter.
Rate of missing the deadline declined rapidly at first then leveled off at longer go cue delays.
It is based on findings of other recent studies using similar paradigms, in which humans or primates must be prepared to respond quickly to an imperative go cue or response signal, as they must in our experiment.
The goggles opened at the same time as an auditory go cue, at which point participants reached out and lifted the object with their dominant hand's thumb and index finger on the force transducer handle, held it aloft for 3 seconds, and returned it to the starting position.
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