The silanization of GNPs, on one hand, improved the dispersion quality; on the other hand, provided strong interfacial bonding with PEI matrix, which benefited the stress transfer within the composites.
For a country with a ratio of exports to GNP of one-to-three, a 30% deterioration in the terms of trade represents a loss in real income of about one-tenth, assuming no change in physical output.
It is, however, difficult to ascertain analytically whether the exfoliated GNPs consist of one or a few graphene layers.
It spends 5% of its GNP on telecommunications development, one of the highest percentages in the world (4).
*The sex toy industry accounts for $15 billion of the GNP and one distributor alone sells about 60,000 batteries per year.
To address this issue, the fixation of GNPs in one-dimensional (1D), 2D, or 3D spaces can avoid the aggregation of the particles as SERS substrates.
According to the manufacturer [21, 22], GNP comprises one or more layers of one-atom-thick planar sheets of sp2-bonded carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice.
The per capita GNP of less than US$10000 makes it one of the poorest countries in the world.
As early as 2001, an economist estimated that time spent in one of the many "virtual worlds" generated about $3.42 per hour, which represented a gross national product (GNP) of about $135 million and a per capita GNP of about $2,266 roughly equivalent to Russia and higher than in many developing countries.
One writer I knew taught for twenty years at a Southern California college with more money than the GNP of a small country.
The GNP of Africa as a whole is $42 billion; last year we gave $320 million to Africa.
