If we divide the study populations into food secure (GNI >1$/day) [ 25, 26, 34, 36] and food insecure (GNI < 1$/day) populations [ 28- 30, 33, 37, 38], the effect of provision of food seems more marked in food insecure populations compared to insecure population.
Iceland technically donated the least out of the DAC countries, at $35m, but that's 0.21% of its GNI: 0.2% higher than America's contribution.
The vast majority of poor people do live in low- or very-low-aid countries (where aid is respectively under 2% and 1% of gross national income (GNI)) – 77% in 2009.
After controlling for country GNI, centre, individual fast food consumption, age and measurement type, there was an association between BMI and both maternal (+0.23 kg/m) and paternal (High GNI +0.18 kg/m2 and Low GNI −0.05 kg/m2) smoking (Table 1).
With a beta coefficient of 0.891 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.651−1.131), the percentage of the rural population appears to have the highest explanatory power, followed by GNI (−0.184; 95% CI, −0.237 to −0.131) and location within the Eastern Mediterranean region (−0.169; 95% CI, −0.280 to −0.058).
Finally, economic factors of PEHGDP (2000 2010) and GNI (1990 2010), which indirectly reflect the standard of living and income level [ 9, 15] that are necessary for the survival probability of becoming centenarians, were included in all Models 1, 2 and 3 of females and males; moreover, they were found to be a significant factor in the production of centenarians.
The cost burden of tuition fees on income was highest in Sierra Leone (159% of GNI), Benin (99%), and Niger (94%), and lowest in Ghana (27% of GNI) and Guinea (29%).
The American government gave about half of the average amount of European countries: between 200 and 400 US$ per million dollars of GNI [ 49]. Figure 2 shows that, Europe shows a similar decrease in the share of funding to implementation of integrated condom programming as the USA: the share of funding to integrated condom programming by Europe decreased from 79%to23%3% between 2000 and 2008.
These fees appeared to be out of reach for most people in Niger (194% of GNI), Benin (123%), and Ghana (106%).
For example, with a GNI between 5 000 and 10 000 US$ per capita, the environmental burden of disease can range between around 20 and 55 DALYs per capita, which is more than a 2.5-fold difference.
The total RRT prevalence correlated positively with GNI (r 0.86; P < 0.05) and life expectancy at birth (r 0.58; P < 0.05; Figure 5).
