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Highly proliferating cells are particularly dependent on glucose and glutamine for bioenergetics and macromolecule biosynthesis.
Prized supplements include creatine for strength, glutamine for muscle recovery, branch chain amino acids for muscle development, all of which Dr. Antonio, who is also the chief executive of International Society of Sports Nutrition, recommends for bodybuilders.
We believe that the results can be explained by two different effects of l-glutamine, namely a direct inhibition of NO release by glutamine and the donation of nitrogen atoms by glutamine for additional NO or other vasodilator synthesis.
A strategy for fed-batch cultivation of t-PA producing recombinant CHO cells is presented, based on the substitution of glucose and glutamine for slowly metabolized nutrients and in a rational design of the medium.
Feed medium with different concentrations of asparagine and glutamine for cells was added 3%% (v/v)/day after 24 h.
However, when mycelia were cultured in 10 mM glutamine for 96 h, the level decreased to almost the same as in PP-O production conditions (Table 1).
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For experiments involving glucose deprivation, cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium without glucose, but containing L-glutamine, for the time as indicated.
All experiments were performed following initial passaging of the cells in serum-free RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 2 mM L-glutamine for 24 h.
Penicillium purpurogenum IAM15392 was grown in 500-mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 mL basal medium or glutamine medium (f.c. 1 or 10 mM l-glutamine) for 72 96 h at 30 °C with shaking at 200 rpm.
For induction studies, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were first serum starved by adding serum free DMEM-hg-L-glutamine for two hours.
Briefly, brain tissue was mechanically dissociated, centrifuged, and resuspended in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1× penicillin-streptomycin-glutamine for 7 days.
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