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Examples include Caltha (Ranunculaceae) with a global disjunction but absent from Africa [ 26] and Thamnosma (Rutaceae) disjunct between North America and Africa [ 27].
Our results thus support both the Laurasian migrations and the post-Gondwanan LDD to explain the global disjunction of the Ampelopsis clade.
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These findings may have general implications for the origin and diversification of plants with global disjunctions.
The global disjunctions in the Ampelopsis clade are best explained by a diversification model of North American origin, two Laurasian migrations, one migration into South America, and two post-Gondwanan long-distance dispersals.
Our results suggest a complex history of diversification in the Ampelopsis clade to explain the global disjunctions that includes a North American origin, two Laurasian migrations, one migration into South America, and two post-Gondwanan LDDs.
Then, one way or another (via refinement and/or disjunction), global optimality is sought.
The Ampelopsis clade offers a good opportunity to explore the origin and evolution of the global intercontinental disjunct pattern in flowering plants, especially concerning both Northern and Southern Hemisphere intercontinental disjunctions.
It confronts us with the world's disjunctions.
Since the negation of a 0110 disjunction is a 1110 disjunction (either both disjuncts are true or both disjuncts are false), this use of aut cannot be a 0110 disjunctive use. the sentence cannot be construed as a disjunction.
Indeed, part of the trouble it has got into lately derives from the disjunction between its 21st-century appeal to a global English-language audience and its 20th-century, literary London origins and organisation.
For example, they defined a disjunction as true if and only if exactly one disjunct is true (the modern "exclusive" disjunction).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com