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Fig. 4 Global conductivity patterns for the following: a sediments; b upper crust; c lower crust; and d lithosphere.
Further on, we briefly discuss the main features of the global conductivity distribution that can be recognized from themodel.
Then, according to the linkages between nodes, the global conductivity matrix can be assembled and the solution of the equations governing flow can be derived.
The first 1-D section, labeled as GLO, is a global conductivity section that has been inferred from satellite magnetic data (Kuvshinov and Olsen 2006) and that was modified to have a realistic low conductivity in the upper 100 km as these depths are not resolvable by satellite magnetic data.
So far, the most advanced global conductivity model utilized for the space weather EM modeling was a model with the surface thin shell of laterally variable (2-D) surface conductance underlain by a 1D conductivity structure (cf. Püthe and Kuvshinov 2013).
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Due to this reason, all other possible sources of information on subsurface-conductivity structure have to be used to construct a global 3D conductivity model in the desired depth range.
Fortunately, efforts of electromagnetic observations and data analysis provide us a global surface conductance (conductivity-thickness product) map, 3-D regional/local conductivity models (as in a review by Thomson et al. 2009, and the compiled global model by Alekseev et al. 2015).
Excluding these regions, we magnify this figure (bottom panel) and see that aside from a cluster with high T, S (the Mediterranean), most of the global ocean conductivity is remarkably uniform at depth (see also the Additional file 3 which shows a movie of conductivity surfaces from the surface to seafloor).
We have presented a 3-D frequency domain inversion scheme to invert satellite magnetic data for global mantle conductivity.
Fig. 4 Scatter plot showing data set of global ocean conductivity (values given by color scale) as distributed in coordinates of co-located salinity, temperature, and depth.
As described, previous descriptions of global ocean conductivity are either recognizably simplistic, or their degree of realism is difficult to assess.
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