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Glance duration significantly increased over time while drivers were performing text entry tasks but not for text reading tasks.
Driving with a simplified version of the HMI had the potential to reduce glance duration on and thus potential distraction of the in-vehicle display.
We assessed driving performance (i.e. longitudinal velocity and lateral acceleration variance), hand movements (i.e. number of movements and movement durations), visual judgment behaviors (i.e. glance duration and glance frequency) and response time.
The average glance duration to the mirrors and driving equipment (displays) were around 0.5 0.6 s.
The maximum glance duration recorded for the device was 1.3 s.
No change to maximum glance duration was observed as a result of using the device on condition trials.
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Elderly drivers also exhibited lower off-road fixation frequency and shorter off-road glance durations compared to middle-aged and young drivers.
The cognitive model helps to explain gaze allocation strategies for performing in-car tasks while driving, and thus helps to quantify the effects of task duration and visual item spacing on safety-critical in-car glance durations.
However, an analysis of the distribution of single glance durations supports the view that using partial automation and a respective HMI does not lead to a critical increase in distraction.
The distribution of drivers' total glance durations on the HMI showed that visual attention was shifted away from monitoring the central road scene towards looking at the in-vehicle display to a considerable extent.
The majority of glance durations occur between 0.4 and 1 s (Fig. 4).
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