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This relatively small increase has produced some very large effects: almost half of the permanent Arctic ice cap has melted away, millions of acres' worth of trees in the American West have died from warming-related pest infestations, and some of West Antarctica's major glaciers, containing tens of thousands of cubic miles of ice, have started to disintegrate.
Trying to stay ahead of the widespread melting, Dr. Thompson and a team of scientists have been hurriedly traveling around the tropics to extract cores of ice from a variety of glaciers containing a record of thousands of years of climate shifts.
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During cold periods, often known as Ice Ages, glaciers contained a great deal of water, lowering global sea levels.
Furthermore, the equipment and chemicals used in processing the extracted minerals contaminate the water that the glaciers contain.
Glaciologists who spoke to the Guardian say Himalayan glaciers contain so much ice it will be 300 years before it vanishes.
Dust ground-up by glaciers contains iron that's as much as a hundred times more soluble than iron found in older dust blown in from places like Australia.
"Although ice caps and glaciers contain less than 1% of the world's ice, they contribute around 50% of the sea-level rise due to ice melting," explained Prof Shepherd.
The glaciers contain 95 km3 of water, which is almost equal to the annual flow of all rivers in the country (UNDP, 2003).
Other causes for a soft-water FRE are the inflow of old groundwater [22], the oxidisation of old organic matter [24], the inflow of water from a glacier containing old CO2, or old CO2 from volcanic activity [23].
This glacier contains only ablation and saturation zones; the winter chill is so slight that no superimposed ice is formed.
A polar glacier is defined as one that is below the freezing temperature throughout its mass for the entire year; a subpolar (or polythermal) glacier contains ice below the freezing temperature, except for surface melting in the summer and a basal layer of temperate ice; and a temperate glacier is at the melting temperature throughout its mass, but surface freezing occurs in winter.
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