Teosinte productivity was significantly lower in late-glacial compared with early Holocene and modern environments.
Important controls on the density of stone walls include surficial materials (e.g., ∼4.0 km/km2 on glacial till compared to 1.5 km/km2 on floodplain alluvium), and whether land had been "improved" for agriculture (∼5.2 km/km2).
Ikehara et al. (1994) suggested that the thick dark layer deposited during the LGM only occurs in water depths greater than 500 m, suggesting that the redox boundary was below ~ 500 m and that environments below and above this depth were quite different during glacial maxima compared with other periods.
Habitat suitability of O. grandiglumis during the Last Glacial Maximum (~21,000BP), compared with the distribution of genetic clusters and Shannon diversity index of sampled populations.
Habitat suitability of O. alta during the Last Glacial Maximum (~21,000BP), compared with the distribution of genetic clusters and Shannon diversity index of sampled populations.
Habitat suitability of O. glumaepatula during the Last Glacial Maximum (~21,000BP), compared with the distribution of genetic clusters and Shannon diversity index of sampled populations.
New loess distribution maps are presented for both key areas, and key sections, especially for the last glacial cycle, are compared and summarized.
The pollen record indicates that grasslands were much more frequent in the landscapes of southern Brazil during the last glacial period if compared to the late Holocene, reflecting relatively colder and/or less humid climatic conditions.
Palynological and elemental geochemical data from the Lake El'gygytgyn sediment core indicate that differences occur not only between cool and warm periods of the middle Middle Pleistocene (~ 374 790 ka) but also when comparing glacial-to-glacial and interglacial-to-interglacial intervals.
