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Gbest is given to the particle globally optimized.
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Initially, a random distribution is given to the particles.
Thus, the authors have to approximate, while emphasising that with particle filter, the fundamental approximation is a representation of the continuous distributions by discrete random measures that are made up of particles x t (m), which can be probable values of the unknown weights w t (m) and state x t and were given to the particles.
In this way, the trimethylammonioethyl moiety has a quaternary nitrogen giving to the particle-water interface a positive charge.
Special attention was given to the effect of particle surface treatment and/or moisture exposure on fracture toughness.
The proposed simulation technique and equations are validated by comparing the physical and numerical experiments, where focus is given to the effects of particle size and container thickness.
Special attention has been given to the use of particles of well-defined hydrophobicities so that their effect on the behaviour of the froth phase could be assessed more accurately.
In practice, one cannot apply the particle filtering method with confidence until satisfactory answers are given to the following questions: Could the particle approximation of (p({x_k}|{z_{1 k}})) converge asymptotically to the true (p({x_k}|{z_{1 k}})) and in what sense?
When the cell sorter detects a particle with the characteristics chosen by the operator, a charge is given to the droplet where that particle is, and as the droplets are passing through an electrostatic field formed between two charged plates, charged droplets are deflected appropriately, whereas uncharged droplets continue on their original course to the waste tank.
To maintain tensile ductility in lightweight ECC, considerations should be given to the effects of lightweight particles on the fiber, matrix, and fiber/matrix interface.
While the magnetically activated healing effect in these materials is quantified in tensile experiments, appropriate consideration is also given to the influence of the filler particles on the dynamic and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites.
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