As integrated models for prevention and care are evaluated, attention must be given to cost-effectiveness and leveraging available resources.
The lowest scores were given to "Cost-effectiveness of intervention" (mean 0.3, SD 0.7), "Improvement of safety & tolerability" (mean 1.0, SD 0.0) and "Completeness and consistency of reporting evidence" (mean 1.0, SD 0.0).
If it were to be extended to other practices consideration needs to given to the cost effectiveness of the model and it would need to be carefully monitored in order to fully understand the implications this may have on the hospital sector, as some GPs expressed concerns of the risks of destabilising hospitals' services through transitioning care into the community.
In developing or scaling up CHW programmes, however, more attention needs to be given to understanding costs and cost-effectiveness from both a government and societal perspective and to integrating community health workers in national healthcare systems in terms of employment, supervision, support and career development [ 48, 49].
When it is not possible to calculate the monetary value of the advantages or when the realization degree of the result to reach is given, cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) is used.
Self-reported questionnaires are often the instrument of first choice to assess sleep, given its cost effectiveness, ability to collect patient's unique experience and the added privacy which can enhance the validity of the responses.
Accepting this explanation, we may conclude that: (i) raters give more weight to cost-effectiveness and less weight to effect for priority decisions with budgetary implications, and (ii) being a specialist, a non-psychologist, and having high guideline awareness reduces the probability of being classified into the highest priority group for the priority decision with budgetary implications, only.
13, 21, 22 National and international ART guidelines give increasing importance to cost-effectiveness criteria for prescription of ART. 12, 16– 18 Furthermore, earlier initiation or even universal prescription of ART to all HIV-1-infected patients increases national expenditure on ART everywhere, with the result that cost savings are increasingly relevant.
We understand that cost-effectiveness ratios do not provide a definitive answer, but it can assist the decision maker in choosing the most appropriate intervention given the cost, effectiveness, and resources available to implement the program.
Particular consideration will be given to the potential for cost-effectiveness to vary by particular patient characteristics or risk groups where suggested by the literature.
Given the many energy-efficiency policies and programs that are already in place, high priority should be given to research that evaluates the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and overall economic efficiency of existing energy-efficiency policies, as well as options for their improvement.
