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And the educational community and the public need to stop giving the test outcomes so much power.
If the point of a biomarker based test is to use it to discriminate prognosis, clinicians need to know the probability that the outcome will be favourable or unfavourable given the test outcome.
Moskvina and Schmidt suggested a formula to approximate Me based on the conditional probability of a Type 1 error in one marker given the test outcome of a second marker (Moskvina and Schmidt 2008).
Given these uncertain outcomes, riots carry great risk.
Therefore, given these detrimental outcomes, controlling known modifiable factors should be a priority.
Given that these tests were secondary outcome measures, the number of tests was kept to a minimum in order to avoid excessive fatigue or soreness prior to ultrasound testing; the subject was also instructed not to move into ranges of motion that caused increased discomfort in the low back region.
69 However, research has questioned the validity of isometric assessments, given poor correlations between isometric test outcomes and dynamic performance.
However, the groups given these same and different tests also differed in their experience with the two outcomes, which is a potentially confounding factor.
Given these differences, there was a need to test whether these models of care could achieve the same outcomes locally.
Given these conflicting results, additional research on longer-term outcomes of these patients is needed.
Given these inputs about the effects of the disease on the outcome of the test, one can use (1.3) to determine the probability of disease given a positive test.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com