A few months or even years later, people were given the same questions and guess what?
Participants were given the same questions about death as the Iranian students in the previously mentioned study, while those in the control condition received parallel questions about watching television.
Can you explain the wonderful reception your fans have given you?" The same question was put, in slightly different forms, to all the groups.
While they're never going to give you the same question twice, there can be some comfort in practicing these exams and working out where you have weaknesses.
Differential Item Functioning (DIF) occurs when different groups within the sample (e.g. males and females) respond in a different way to a certain question, given the same level of the underlying trait (i.e. fatigue).
The two groups, given the same problem, will ask different questions, pick up on different details, use different metaphors to describe the problem, and come into the situation with different assumptions.
Ms. Maldonado said that at the meeting with school officials, parents who asked questions were given the same reply over and over: "We're sorry, but we can't do anything else".
Google, similarly, now requires interviewers to ask every candidate for a given job the same questions, so that bias doesn't shape what gets asked.
If, by contrast, the entities to which coherence applies are represented as simple unstructured sets, the sets of testimonies in question would be given the same formal representation in terms of the set having A as its sole member.
