Given the adaptations of apicomplexans toward intracellular niches, the acquisition of a major epigenetic regulator that governs and faithfully affirms chromatin-silencing marks could have been a critical step by protozoans for parasitism in diverse hosts with increasingly complex immune systems.
Thus the growth curves of fit genotypes in Figures 2 cannot be used as absolute values for explaining the results of simulations, but they give the adaptation trends for populations.
It is clear that P ̃ max, i is directly proportional to the tolerable interference, I v m, tol at MS v. Given the power adaptation scheme and assuming channel reciprocity, MS v should achieve the required SINR target on RB m.
PSM is defined as the conditional probability that a farmer adapts to climate change, given the pre-adaptation characteristics (Rosenbaum and Rubin 1983).
Given the remarkable adaptations of the avian cone system for improved color discrimination, we hypothesized that the distribution of cones might be similarly optimized for spatial sampling of color and luminance.
Given the unique adaptations of the reproductive system of ruminants, our goal is to use comparative genomics to identify genes and ncRNAs that are responsible for these evolutionary changes.
Indeed, given the parallels between the adaptation of domesticated species to human-disturbed environments and the adaptation of wild populations to survival in natural environments [ 2], evolution under domestication is viewed by many as a valuable opportunity for studying the genetics of adaptation.
For instance, given the greater local adaptation of highland Chiapan maize landraces (Mercer et al. 2008), if the environmental conditions under which highland types flourish change, their in situ and ex situ conservation will be a great challenge.
More generally, given the extensive lab adaptation observed in the N2 isolate (McGrath et al. 2009; Weber et al. 2010; Duveau and Félix 2012) it would be informative to investigate the role of these changes in the incompatibilities observed here as such alleles are known to be of recent origin.
Given the complexities of the adaptation of T7αβ, perhaps the only accurate way to assess fitness costs of individual elements is to introduce them one at a time into a preadapted wild-type genome.
