Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
given that there existed
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "given that there existed" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to introduce a condition or premise that is assumed to be true in a discussion or argument. Example: "Given that there existed a significant amount of evidence, the committee decided to proceed with the investigation."
✓ Grammatically correct
Alternative expressions(3)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
60 human-written examples
Fix l ∈ N and k ≥ k 0, the definitions of d k and d k + l give that there exists a large n such that d n, k > d ∗ − δ and d n, k + l < d ∗ + δ for small δ ∈ ( 0, 1 ).
Science
Hence, the estimate in Theorem 4.1 applies giving that there exists c 0 ∈ R + such that ∥ η s u ∥ W 2, p ≤ c 0 ∥ L ( η s u ) ∥ L p , (4.5).
It is even odder, given that there exists a private-sector proposal to do exactly the same thing.
News & Media
For and, the delta derivative of at (if exists) is defined by the following Given that, there exists a neighborhood of such that (1.2).
All I am saying is that there exists some similarity between his eyes and pearls, when it is a given that there exists a veritable infinitude of rapports between any pair of things.
Academia
While these studies require further development and validation, the findings are intriguing given that there exist a number of drugs to effectively inhibit MMP-8 activity in the clinical setting [ 71].
Science
Using a Hyb-Seq approach (Weitemier et al., 2014), it is possible to obtain large amounts of organellar data from enrichment experiments, but the need for additional organellar genomes in the Saxifragaceae and other plant groups is acute given that there exists only one unpublished chloroplast genome for the family, and there is no mitochondrial genome available even for the Saxifragales.
Given that there exists considerable evidence that unmethylated promoters can maintain a 'permissive' chromatin state [ 72, 74], we hypothesize the following: promoters with lower level of DNA methylation are more likely to adopt and maintain a permissive transcriptional state (similar to the 'ON' state referred to above) and exhibit little transcriptional bursting.
Science
ABO variation in primates is unlikely to be maintained by this mechanism, however, given that there exist haplotypes encoding the AB phenotype (" cis-AB" alleles), which are fixed in Mus musculus for instance 15, and yet these are found only at very low frequencies in humans and have not been reported in other primates 6.
Science
Given that there exists no explicit cost-effectiveness threshold for Germany, net benefits were calculated with the frequently quoted willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of €50,000, which was chosen for illustration only to incorporate impacts on both effects and costs [ 49, 50].
Science
In fact, early diagnosis is extremely important, given that there exists non-pharmacological and, to a lesser extent, pharmacological treatment capable of decreasing the severity of symptoms, retarding disease progression, and strengthening the residual cognitive abilities when neuronal impairment/death is not complete [ 6- 11].
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Use "given that there existed" to clearly establish a pre-existing condition or premise upon which a conclusion or argument is based.
Common error
Avoid shifting tenses inconsistently after "given that there existed". Ensure the subsequent clauses maintain a logical and grammatically correct tense sequence related to the past existence being referenced.
Source & Trust
60%
Authority and reliability
3/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "given that there existed" functions as a subordinating conjunction, introducing a dependent clause that provides the reason or condition for the main clause. It sets the stage by referencing a pre-existing state, acting as a causal connector.
Frequent in
Science
0%
News & Media
0%
Formal & Business
0%
Less common in
Science
0%
News & Media
0%
Formal & Business
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "given that there existed" functions as a causal connector establishing a past condition, as suggested by Ludwig. Though considered grammatically correct, it is currently unused in Ludwig's example sentences. Related phrases offer alternatives in formality and emphasis. Employ it to set a context, ensuring the subsequent tenses maintain consistency with the established pre-existing condition.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
considering that there was
Replaces "given that" with "considering that" and "existed" with "was", emphasizing a condition being taken into account.
in light of the existence of
Uses a more formal tone to acknowledge the existence of something as a relevant factor.
bearing in mind that there was
Emphasizes the act of remembering or considering a past condition.
seeing as there was
Offers a more informal alternative to "given that", implying a causal relationship.
in view of the fact that there was
Presents a more elaborate and formal way of stating the reason or condition.
taking into account that there was
Highlights the action of considering something before making a judgment or decision.
since there was
Provides a concise way of indicating a reason or cause.
because there was
Directly states the reason for something, offering a more straightforward explanation.
as there was
Similar to "since there was", but may imply a slightly weaker causal connection.
considering the presence of
Focuses on the presence of something as the key factor being considered.
FAQs
How can I rephrase "given that there existed" to sound more formal?
For a more formal tone, consider using "in light of the existence of" or "in view of the fact that there was". These options add a layer of sophistication to your writing.
What's a simpler alternative to "given that there existed"?
You can simplify the phrase by using alternatives such as "since there was" or "because there was". These options are more direct and easier to understand.
Is it ever incorrect to use "given that there existed"?
The phrase itself isn't incorrect, but ensure the tense and context are appropriate. It's best suited for situations where you want to emphasize a past condition that influences the current situation. Ensure you’re not making assumptions not explicitly stated.
How does "given that there existed" differ from "considering that there was"?
While both phrases introduce a condition, "given that there existed" emphasizes a prior condition influencing the current situation, whereas "considering that there was" simply takes a condition into account. The former is more emphatic.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
60%
Authority and reliability
3/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested