In some cases, students were given such boring alternative choices ("Forefathers of America," "Lighthouses of Scotland") that they were virtually forced to choose "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern" as their potential prize.
Adele Addams wasn't given such a choice.
Given such a choice of genes with expression levels denoted by the symbols G1,..., G n, the conditional entropy of the class label C is equal to the entropy of the resulting partition, i.e., H(C| G1,..., G n ) = ∑ Ph Q), and measures the average uncertainty of predicting if a sample is cancerous if we know the cluster in which the sample is located.
Such questions have led to the emergence of the field of "machine ethics", which aims to give machines the ability to make such choices appropriately in other words, to tell right from wrong.One way of dealing with these difficult questions is to avoid them altogether, by banning autonomous battlefield robots and requiring cars to have the full attention of a human driver at all times.
I called the admissions offices of a few of those private universities to ask them why they would offer such an arrangement to a poverty-stricken child, to ask if they understood what it might be like for that child to be given such an impossible choice.
A fair question to ask is why Mr. Bloomberg and Mr. Klein, given such an array of choices, have so stubbornly thrown their weight behind a policy that has failed again and again and again.
Its author, Andy Gardner, works in two north London schools and says: "I just felt I had to do something about the fact that teenagers are given such misleading information about what subject choices to make".
Given such great qualities, it is not surprising that he was also a popular choice as a mentor.
The standards that one comes to understand to be the appropriate guides for one's deliberation, choice and action give such guidance, not by predicting what one will do, but by directing what one should do.
Giving parents such choice, she said, "seems just common sense for me".
