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In some cases, a given misconception was expressed in more than one answer option for the same item.
Thus, students who did not exhibit a given misconception in either test were excluded from this portion of the analysis.
Because most of our target misconceptions appeared in more than one item (between 1 and 5 items), for each student, we totaled the number of distractors they selected that included a given misconception and standardized the counts by dividing by the total possible selections (e.g., for a misconception that appeared as a distractor in 3 different items we divided by 3).
A given construal may give rise to a number of misconceptions and challenges, and any given misconception or challenge may be the result of multiple construals.
Concept inventories can be used in a pre- and posttest format to assess the effectiveness of a given activity or teaching approach in improving student understanding or dispelling a given misconception (Steif and Dantzler, 2005; Howitt et al., 2008; Libarkin, 2008; Knight, 2010).
Similar(55)
Given this misconception, we highlight again the key conceptual advances made by our study.
It is also important to consider the aspects of spatial scale, especially given the common misconception that higher resolution is necessarily better.
Given the common misconception that feminism means something other than equality for all genders, some people think "I'm a feminist" means "I'm a radical".
Marketing irradiated sprouts to health-conscious consumers may prove challenging, given the frequent misconception that irradiated sprouts are themselves radioactive.
"But that would give people misconceptions.
Please realize that many sources will give you misconceptions - you need to really search for the truth and not simply accept facts from one website, one book, or one person.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com