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For a given inflation factor M = 1, 2, 3,..., the model with inflated sample size (corresponding to an M-fold increase in precision) is x M, i = μ + σ i 2 / M + τ 2 ϵ ′ i, ϵ ′ i ~ N (0, 1 ).
But given inflation is still quite persistent, this would involve a theological U-turn.
The salaries were also comparable to last year, which, given inflation, could be interpreted as a decline.
Given inflation and the declining value of the dollar vs. the euro, the orchestra couldn't make ends meet.
Given inflation in the past year has increased by 2.2%, this was a slight real wage increase.
He was entitled to an index-linked pension of £570,000 a year, which could now be worth about £700,000 given inflation since 2006.
Similar(45)
Several floating-rate issuances by corporate America's heavyweights are giving inflation worriers an early chance to protect themselves.
In that context, the upward shove a lower loonie will give inflation by increasing the price of imported goods from the United States is not unwelcome.
Defined-benefit pension schemes used to be required to give inflation increases of up to 5percentnt, but that was cut to 2.5percentnt in 2005 and could be eroded further.
The ECB's interest rate of 3.25% is broadly appropriate for the euro area as a whole, given its inflation rate (2.2%), the size of the output gap, and the bank's chosen inflation target of "less than 2%".
Given that inflation is still low by historic standards, these are relatively uncharted waters.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com