Furthermore, even in the stochastic case, the model predictive control method can give ex ante suboptimal results if a finite horizon problem starting in period t has a time horizon too short for computing ordered quantities in all periods t,…,r t. (Compare the last sentence in the first paragraph of Remark 5).
Do we have ex ante regulation or ex post antitrust enforcement?
This is intuitive since, at this point, uncertainty related to the location itself vanishes, given that ex ante the consumption levels are equal in both locations.
The Article also addresses the level of detail with which laws should be formulated and applied, emphasizing how this question concerning the laws' relative simplicity or complexity can be distinguished from that of whether laws are given content ex ante (rules) or ex post (standards).
Legitimacy is not ex ante given but must be designed into the arrangement and also upheld by involved parties acting upon a proper understanding of the role they may and/or shall play.
It is better because ex ante it gives individuals the same prospects as the previous lottery, and it is more egalitarian ex post.
Ex ante or ex-post moral hazard, consumers' misperceptions of risk, performance risk, and so on.
Given that the model has the ex ante heterogeneity, we keep this part of the model stylized, along the description in the previous section, as now the model is already highly computationally intensive.
This is paradoxical, this lottery being ex ante better since it gives equal prospects to individuals.
Conversely, an advantage of a relative scheme over an absolute scheme is that the total amount of incentive payments can be calculated ex ante [ 86], which gives providers the prospect of certain payment in case targets are reached.
