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Given a stimulus from the outside, everything could come tumbling down.
From these data, a pattern emerges that attributes, given a stimulus orientation ϑ, a sensitivity (a_{vartheta}(x)) to every point x of the cortical surface (so (a_{vartheta}) is a positive-valued continuous function on the cortical surface (mathcal {X})).
In our experiment, the evidence is determined by the Log numerical distance and the precise probability of generating a response given a stimulus can be estimated using bayesian models based on maximum likelihood hypothesis [55], [56].
Siami and colleagues addressed this important question by measuring plasma vasopressin levels of normonatremic patients who had septic shock for more than 72 hours who were given a stimulus: osmotic stimulation using 500 ml hypertonic saline [ 131].
By collecting the responses recorded at the same time point in the video across many repeated presentations, we obtain samples from the conditional distribution of activity patterns r given a stimulus s, denoted P(r| s).
However, no difference was found between dogs which had been given a stimulus and those which had not in a subsequent 'path' test, where dogs were presented unexpectedly with a lone sheep in a different context.
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This sequence of events gave a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 3.25 s.
Appraisal refers to the mechanisms which give a stimulus event emotional meaning and is widely held to shape experiential/emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses to stimulus events (e.g., Cacioppo, Berntson, Larsen, Poehlmann, & Ito, 2000).
It is possible that frequent visits over a longer time period are economically superior to a short term approach trying to give a stimulus for changes in behaviour and living environment.
Non-normalized spiking activity was calculated as the mean activity (spikes/s) averaged over the analysis period (200 3000 ms after stimulus onset) given a specific stimulus.
Then, the (mean) activity given a specific stimulus was divided by the maximum stimulus-driven activity (i.e. the activity that the 'optimal' stimulus elicited).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com