The babies were given anesthesia, put on ventilators and whisked off to the operating room.
At the time, medical students at MGH gave anesthesia during surgery.
They will be given anesthesia, Dr. Goodrich said, and then doctors will eventually start "gently flexing" the children to separate them.
"When it comes to giving anesthesia, certified registered nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologists are identical," said Christopher Bettin, a spokesman for the nurse anesthetists group.
Activists on both sides debated whether the deplorable conditions at Dr. Gosnell's clinic — including broken equipment, bloodstained recovery chairs and an untrained staff giving anesthesia and other drugs — could be found at other clinics.
"What we know is that not giving anesthesia and appropriate medication to manage a child's pain during surgery does have long-term adverse affects on a child — physical as well as emotional," said another committee member, Dr. Jayant Deshpande, a pediatrician and anesthesiologist who is a senior vice president at Arkansas Children's Hospital.
The baby was given anesthesia and a muscle relaxant so it wouldn't switch positions at an inopportune time.
Folks curious about how macaws can be given anesthesia, for example, can check out the aquarium's veterinary quarters for about an hour and a half or so while McDermott tries to make his work a little more relatable.
At day 0 mice were given anesthesia with isofluran (Baxter, Germany) followed by random orotracheal instillation of bleomycin (Sigma, Germany) or sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) with the mouse nose kept pinched.
