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For these peptides, total precursor ratio to GIS was calculated as a weighted mean using GIS transition peak areas as the weights.
If more than one peptide per protein was monitored, total protein ratio to GIS was calculated as mean of individual final total precursor ratios to GIS.
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51 Similar to previously used methods, 23265253 53 GIS-derived walkability was calculated by summing the z-scores of the three measures.
Finally, GIS-selenium concentration was calculated by extracting the estimated selenium value from the IDW surface at each resident's location.
A GIS-based geomorphometric index was calculated for the catchment and compared to a methodology linking interpretation of satellite imagery and field mapping of sediment storage to slope threshold analysis.
Orientation and extent of individual linear structure was calculated in Arc GIS 10.0 software.
As an environmental variable, the proportion of forested area (Figure 2) within 2 km from each of 1400 sampled households was calculated using Arc GIS 9.3 (ESRI, Redlands, CA) with the Hawth's Tool extension [26].
The straight-line distance from each participant's residence to the primary factory complex was calculated using ArcView GIS 3.0 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) by the Moscow Ecological Analytical Center.
For each statistical sector a walkability index was calculated using three objective GIS-based measures: residential density, intersection density, and land use mix, which have been consistently related to physical activity [ 38, 39].
The area of each recently cleared plot was calculated using the area of the corresponding polygons in our GIS database.
Traffic density was calculated using the Kernel Density function of Spatial Analyst in ArcInfo GIS 9.1 (ESRI, Redlands, CA).
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