For example, GIS data may not accurately represent what is actually present in the environment and was not evaluated for accuracy, which is a limitation.
LC-SRM analysis in individual samples confirmed this trend, although, due to absent concordance between final total precursor ratios to GIS, data were not admitted to statistical test.
Given the incomplete GIS information, not all reported cases could be assigned exact point coordinates.
GIS projections (created using Arc GIS 9.3; ESRI, Inc., Redlands, CA, USA data not shown) for the studied region indicate that the eastern, southern, and western faces of the mountain are exposed, that is, not shielded from the wind by other mountain ridges.
Employing geographic information systems (GIS) data as a tool in epidemiologic analyses is not new, given the ability of GIS to incorporate spatial and non-spatial data in one system [ 18].
Use the INSPIRE data standards concerning GIS data as much as possible, or if not available make use of other open international geospatial data standards (e.g. OGC).
GIS data on roads is widely available in most, if not all, industrialized countries.
GIS data are often used when more direct monitoring data are not available.
At KaBOOM! we are crowd-sourcing a nationwide Map of Play that uses GIS data and user rankings to identify where the engaging playgrounds are located, but more importantly, where they are not.
Moreover, although we have attempted to use GIS data matched as closely as possible to the survey data, the years for which the datasets were obtained may not exactly match the year the participant completed the survey.
