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A bright star from Philippe Starck's Ghost range of plastic furniture.
The inclusion of ghost range information shows a slightly different scenario.
It seems unlikely that all fossil records have a "ghost range" of almost 50 million years, so we do not recommend this prior distribution unless there is no other way of constraining the node.
However, in most cases there is no objective way of choosing the shape of the prior distribution, especially not in the case of organisms that are rarely preserved as fossils, and the analysis would potentially be highly biased toward the authors' opinion on the fossil ghost range.
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To calculate clade rates, each species temporal range was interpreted to include the entire duration of all temporal bins in which that species occurs; range extensions of ghost ranges inferred from equal taxonomic split were not included.
Species temporal durations were reconstructed using known stratigraphic ranges, assuming sister taxa diverged simultaneously from cladogenetic nodes, and creating ghost ranges to connect theoretical speciation events with known range data.
When ghost ranges are inferred from the fossil record, many families are shown to have much earlier origination dates.
This richness was then corrected according to information in both the MRP and MRC phylogenies, by adjusting family lineage origination dates based on ghost ranges.
As expected with ghost ranges inferred, earlier originations occur in the phylogeny-adjusted models, and richness is higher (see Figure 2).
With ghost ranges inferred, between 46 (MRC) and 50 (MRP) families have their fossil ranges extended (see additional file 4 for details), with the most dramatic extension for Epiophlebiidae (0 to 196.5 my).
Several eurypterid clades have already been identified with long ghost ranges extending into the Upper Ordovician [ 9] but the placement of megalograptids within Carcinosomatoidea increases the number of clades with ranges that must have extended into the Middle Ordovician (Fig. 22).
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