There was no interaction between viewed and produced gesture types (p = .83) nor did two groups differ in invented gesture per minute (p = .57) and imitated gesture per minute (p = .51).51
13 R ((nod)) 14 C Oh I understand 15 C but hm in the middle ((repeat the double triangle gesture)) 16 P this part needs to be smaller ((point to Ryan's drawing)) Ryan was identified as "R", "C" and "P" represented two other learners in a group setting.
Cohen's kappa agreement for categorizing gestures was 0.97 (p < .01) for action and structure gesture, and 0.66 (p < .01) for categorizing gestures into invented and imitated.
"A work has something irreplaceable and unique about it, a product can be reproduced exactly, and is in fact the result of repetitive acts and gestures" (Lefebvre 1991, p. 70).
When only the participants with aphasia were considered, there was not a significant relationship between the PPT score and the proportion of WFDs for objects or characters that contained iconic gestures (r =.261, p >.05).
There was a positive correlation between the KDT scores of the participants with aphasia and the proportion of their WFDs for actions that contained iconic gestures, r =.464, p <.01.
There was not a significant relationship between the frequency of non-WFD gestures and the composite semantic knowledge score (gestures per minute: r =.052, p >.05; words per gesture: r = −.217, p >.05).
Across conditions, participants produced more invented gestures than imitated gestures, t 57) = 7.26, p < .01, d = 1.27.
Neither did we find any significant correlations between asymmetries of the insular thickness and gesture (r13 = 0.04, P = 0.881), or language (r13 = 0.07, P = 0.81) as assessed in the whole hemisphere ROI.
Knowledge test scores were marginally correlated with frequency of action gestures (r = .234, p = .078), but not with frequency of structure gesture (r = −.036, p = .791).791
No interaction was found between gesture viewed and gesture produced (p = .62).62
