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Both studies reported that the breeding process generated a germplasm differentiation between the most recent genotypes and their ancestors.
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Important inputs on the knowledge about upland rice germplasm differentiations which happened in Brazil in the last few centuries were also achieved and are discussed.
The use of a model-based approach for genetic structure analysis provided important inputs on the knowledge about upland rice germplasm differentiations which happened in Brazil in the last few centuries, since its introduction in the country.
Differences in the resistance loci detected using two germplasm sets demonstrate the differentiation of loci underlying resistance in terms of the distinct population structure in rice.
Xiong, Z. Y. et al. Latitudinal distribution and differentiation of rice germplasm: its implications in breeding.
The genetic diversity index h reflected the diversity and differentiation among the germplasm collections.
In addition, 13 subpopulations were observed in maize germplasm, 85 genetic regions with higher differentiation between TS and temperate maize germplasm, 197 highly differentiated regions between different subpopulation pairs, which contained some FT- related QTNs/QTLs/genes supported by GWAS and linkage analysis, and these regions were expected to play important roles in maize adaptation.
Genetic differentiation among groups of germplasm was estimated with Phi statistics (Φst) following the formulae shown in Box 2.1 of GenAlex Tutorial 2 for co-dominant marker data (Peakall and Smouse 2012).
List of the genes found in the regions showing strong differentiation between wild and cultivated germplasm and diversity loss in cultigen.
Our aim was to investigate population structure and genetic differentiation within the cultivated tomato germplasm and to identify loci that can putatively account for the observed differences.
The overlapping area between C2 and W1 groups, slightly flattening the differentiation of cultivated and wild germplasm, was consistent with Nei's genetic distance value obtained between sativa and sylvestris compartments and the discrete degree of similarity between the sativa and sylvestris subspecies [ 34], pointing out the existence of gene flow between both compartments [ 11, 12, 53].
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