Pollen grains were obtained by slicing the anthers transversely and vortexing them in cold, sucrose-free germination solution.
After soaking overnight at 28 °C in darkness, they were germinated on a hormone-free seed germination medium [ 32] in Petri dishes and incubated at 25 °C with 16/8 h light dark cycles.
After soaking overnight at 28 °C in darkness, they were germinated on a hormone-free seed germination medium (1/2 MS salt, B5 vitamins, 5 g l−1 sucrose, 0.5 g l−1 MES and 2.2 g l−1 phytagel, pH 5.6) in Phytatrays (Sigma, USA) in a tissue culture room with a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C and 16/8 h light dark cycles.
After soaking overnight at 28°C in darkness, they were germinated on a hormone-free seed germination medium (1/2 MS salt, B5 vitamins, 5 g l-1 sucrose, 0.5 g l-1 MES and 2.2 g l-1 phytagel, pH 5.6) in Phytatrays (Sigma, USA) in a tissue culture room with a temperature of 25°C ± 2°C and 16/8 h light dark cycles.
These wind-borne spores uniquely do not require free water for germination and infection.
"To get the next generation of juniper, you need good numbers of both male and female bushes at each site, plenty of viable seed and the right conditions for germination and growth of seedlings, free of hungry rabbits and grazing stock".
In addition, TJ-9 data under dark germination show more effective DPPH free radical scavenging than those under light germination.
To ensure similar growth conditions, the germination was performed on hygromycin-free media and lines showing stable transgene expression (PNA 8.6.1 and ICE 1.1.1) were included as positive controls.
Composts with a germination index (GI) ≥80% are considered free of phytotoxic compounds (Emino and Warman 2004).
Amide-linked conjugates of IAA synthesized during seed development [ 35, 36] can serve as a source of free IAA during seed germination [ 37, 38].
