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The course's additional aims included encouraging contact with local residents, improving the participants' health, as well as increasing their German language proficiency and life satisfaction.
Postmigratory factors such as German language proficiency and social contacts were also assessed.
The ability to comprehend medical information correlates well with the self-rated German language proficiency.
Secondly, the sample did not include prisoners whose German language proficiency was insufficient to understand the interview questions.
The postmigratory factors assessed included length of residence in Switzerland, family status (whereabouts of family members), social contacts, German language proficiency, homesickness, and feeling at home in Switzerland.
They have to prove that they have a secure income and no criminal record, and show German language proficiency as well as a knowledge of Austrian history and current affairs [ 23].
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He also finds that when German and French native speakers are excluded, the returns to German and French language proficiency decrease as you move up the earning distribution.
Interestingly, when native speakers are excluded, the returns to German and French language proficiency decrease as you move up the earning distribution.
The inclusion criteria for patients were: complete results from all aforementioned examinations; diagnoses of MCI [ 40], dementia (DSM-IV [ 41]) or major depression (DSM-IV [ 41]); age ≥50 years; MMSE [ 17] score ≥20/30; a minimum 7 years of education; and fluent German or French language proficiency.
Moreover, ethnic Germans have better language proficiency (Haug 2008) and a greater intention of staying in Germany compared to other immigrants (Tucci 2011).
The migration background variable was constructed based on information on nationality, country of birth, year of immigration of both parents as well as historical criteria (e.g. labour migrants, asylum seekers), languages spoken at home and the proficiency of German language of both the children and parents [ 21].
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