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Similarly, even a single enteric virus, upon introduction into a germ-free setting, dramatically shapes the global gene expression profile of the intestine [ 21].
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In order to investigate this in an in vivo setting, we colonized two germ-free mouse models with low or high gastric pH, mimicking normal gastric conditions and ChAG, respectively, with H. pylori strain HPAG1 for one year.
Why do then the germ-free mice react differently?
It has been stated that as gut microbiota is crucial for a proper host development, altered responses exhibited by germ-free animals might not reflect what actually occurs in the natural setting.
A.H. supervised the germ-free mouse experiments.
D.K. performed germ-free fostering experiments.
A germ-free existence would be an unhappy one.
We acknowledge C. Bar-Nathan for germ-free mouse caretaking.
Dysbiosis in saccharin-consuming mice and germ-free recipients.
Effects of germ-free (GF) rearing and germ-free bacterial colonisation (GFC) on social behaviours in male mice.
Germ free: Microbiologist Jeffrey Gordon reaches into a sterile cage to display one of his germ-free mice.
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