Further refinement in the PEC values for EE2 have been made based on the results from the PhATE (Pharmaceutical Assessment and Transport Evaluation) and GREAT-ER (Geography Referenced Regional Exposure Assessment Tool for European Rivers) models to identify the 90th-percentile low-flow PECs in surface water for EE2 in the USA and Europe, respectively [ 98].
Environmental factors include but are not limited to eye rubbing, atopy, sun exposure, and geography.
Individual variation in per capita Hg intake suggests that geography counts where Hg exposure is concerned (Burger et al. 2005).
Overall, given the unreliability of self-reported and geography-based Agent Orange exposure, the results of these studies cannot be interpreted as valid estimates of the association between Agent Orange/TCDD exposure and prostate cancer risk.
Also, two studies found a significant positive association between self-reported or geography-based Agent Orange exposure and risk of high-grade prostate cancer [ 33, 34], whereas five did not [ 5, 92, 98– 100].
In summary, three VA hospital-based studies in the U.S. [ 33, 34, 92] and a cross-sectional study of prostate cancer prevalence in Korea [ 94] reported a significant positive association between self-reported or geography-based Agent Orange exposure and prostate cancer, whereas one VA-based study did not [ 5].
We would not be surprised to see a bid from a north American asset manager that is trading on high earnings multiples, has surplus capital and has stated its intent to diversify geographies and product exposures.
In terms of geography, the fund has heavy exposure to both coastal markets.
In this study we chose not to match on geography because some of the exposures of interest display a geographic pattern and over-matching on exposure was a possibility.
This has implications for studies of ASD etiology that assign environmental exposures based on geography, such as air pollutants and agricultural pesticides, for which we caution the causal interpretation of geographic patterns that are not controlled for individual-level factors.
