We identified geographical coordinate errors in many records and therefore suggest that future data analysis and filtering of occurrences should be coupled with a workflow for profiling and geo-correction.
In order to minimise classification errors, geographical expert knowledge is utilised to evaluate the geofactors elevation, slope, soil and precipitation in a fuzzy-logic approach to priorily determine a valid set of possible endmembers for each raster cell.
Finally, it should be noted that a very similar geographical distribution of errors has been found to also affect both the VFM and N-VFM 2015.0 auxiliary models, confirming that the issue is mainly related to the spatiotemporal distribution of the data.
A stepwise method of assessing geographical inconsistencies of geocoding errors is presented through a flow diagram (Fig. 1).
However, when using models with fine-scale spatial resolution to estimate exposure to pollutants with high spatial variation, minimal errors in geographical coordinates of home addresses may lead to large differences in exposure estimates, and consequently to biased risk estimates.
5) Geographical outlier: We identify potential errors in coordinates using an alpha-hull methodology.
This paper examines the geographical inconsistencies associated with geocoding errors seen when using two freely available geocoding tools, Google Sheets and ggmap.
Like all landslide inventories, data analyzed in this study contain inherent uncertainties, including measurement errors, erosional or geographical censoring, and reporting biases (Kirschbaum et al. 2012; Korup et al. 2012; Petley 2012).
