The evolutionary relationships of this biota have not yet been studied using DNA sequences, but earlier small-scale studies have used allozymes [18] [20] and found the presence of cryptic species and localised geographic structuring.
However, the present analysis corroborates some previously detected geographic structuring across drainages [ 38] and provides a set of markers for future studies.
These mobile elements sweep through local subpopulations of environmental Vibrio species that occupy the same geographical niche, leading to geographic structuring [ 2].
We found that P. falcipes is a single evolutionary lineage with poor geographic structuring.
In addition, we expected strong genetic and geographic structuring within Pseudopaludicola falcipes due to its large geographic distribution, potentially short dispersal distances, and multiple riverine barriers.
Population pairwise ΦST values indicate geographic structuring across the landscape for many populations.
For ospC, the lack of geographic structuring may be related to balancing selection and/or recombination.
Fourteen of the 21 species showed allopatric divergences although there was no simple pattern of geographic structuring.
However, molecular data provide contrasting results and it is far from clear to what extent dispersal limitation determines geographic structuring of microbial populations.
Reanalysis of the Kropf et al. [52] AFLP data set using PCO-MC provided no support for any geographic structuring of genetic diversity within P. alpina.
As this may result in geographic structuring, genotyping methods of vector-borne microbial organisms should have the power to capture phylogeographic structure and to infer species trees.
