In other words, living on the edge (in terms of geographic distribution, depth, water quality or other environmental parameter), may confer resilience or resistance to corals that will help them hold out against climate change for longer than we anticipated.
Their closest relatives, members of marine Synechococcus clade A (Waterbury et al. 1979) (hereafter referred as marine Synechococcus), are also very abundant, with different but overlapping geographic and depth distribution (Zwirglmaier et al. 2008).
Depth, geographic area and sampling time were the main factors determining the species composition and structure of deep-sea slope demersal fish assemblages.
Parent material, geographic region, soil depth and soil fertility had a significant influence on soil carbon stocks to 0.70 m while pasture type (introduced vs native pastures) did not.
The three-dimensional search algorithm defines how to achieve an acceptable level of accuracy regarding the strength, geographic location and depth of a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source while using the least possible number of water quality samples.
In testing terminology, the aftershocks comprise the 'test group,' and the background shocks the 'control group.' What is important is the percentage gain in positively-stressed aftershocks relative to the background shocks, with the background shocks selected to match the geographic area and depth range as the aftershocks.
We subsequently tested for evidence of genetic subdivision among geographic regions and depth strata by Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) using the software package Arlequin 3.01 ([17]).
Overall, so far no trends in abundance according to depth, geographic regions, seep types, or habitat types are apparent.
First, since habitat data are often limited to geographic coordinates and depth, we are able to confidently assign habitat states to more taxa in the dataset than would have been possible using multi-state habitat categories.
For example, the Endangered Barndoor skate (Dipturus laevis) was eliminated throughout much of its geographic range and depth distribution due to bycatch in trawl fisheries, yet may have rebounded because a previously unknown deepwater population component lay beyond the reach of most fisheries (Dulvy, 2000; Kulka et al., 2002; COSEWIC, 2010).
