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But a new study in Nature Climate Change predicts that the overall occurrence of these hybridization events between closely related species will actually be relatively low: On average, only 6.4% of species are expected to come into geographic contact with a hybridization possibility by the end of the century.
Bayesian assignment using multilocus genotype suggests that the proportion of hybrids varies in different geographic contact sites of Q. liaotungensis and Q. mongolica (Table 6 and Fig. 6).
In contrast to allopatric scenarios, the two host species are sometimes distributed in adjacent patches that are in direct geographic contact with one another.
These clades are allopatrically distributed, except in the region where the Central Coast and Santa Cruz Mtns clades are parapatric, coming into close geographic contact and perhaps overlapping slightly.
If this is also true in gulls, and our present data seems to support this, it could mean that marinus, after a period of allopatric divergence, has had a relatively long history of geographic contact with closely related taxa which facilitated the perfection of reproductive barriers through reinforcement multiple times.
Aside from the wPip-II/ wPip-III mixed populations found in Western Europe, at least five other geographic contact zones between wPip groups exist: in the North (wPip-II/ wPip-IV) and in the South of Italy (wPip-I/ wPip-IV), in North Africa (wPip-I/ wPip-IV), in South America (wPip-I/ wPip-III) and Eastern Asia (wPip-I/ wPip-V).
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Its isolated geographic position limited contact with the outside world until the 19th century.
According to our analysis the Brown-cheeked Rails and Water Rails diverged with little or no gene flow about 530,000 years ago, and thus fit a model of allopatric speciation where a geographic barrier prevented contact between the two groups.
Based on a list of Flemish nursing homes from the National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance (NIHDI), fifteen care homes which match the intervention nursing homes regarding to facility size, ownership and geographic region are contacted for participation in a control group.
Drift is certainly further amplified by the geographic localization of the contact zone: The geographical bottleneck between Mount Etna and the Ionian Sea creates a peninsular situation, largely isolating populations at the contact zone from conspecifics.
National Geographic has been in contact with this source through the firm.
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