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Thereafter assays results were read at 25°C using an endpoint genotyping programme in a Techne Quantica qPCR thermal cycler (Bibby Scientific Ltd, Stone, UK) in which unknown genotypes were assigned based on fluorescent output in comparison to non-template control wells containing DNA/RNA free H2O.
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However, this study did not account for some of the costs associated with implementing the programmes, including the costs of phenotyping and genotyping.
The aim was to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) 'reflex genotyping' in cases of minor cytological abnormalities detected in the gynaecological screening programme in Stockholm, Sweden.
As a legal requirement [ 3], during the TSE active surveillance programme 2002-2007, a subset of 3,347 animals was randomly selected for PrP genotyping.
Furthermore, as SNP genotyping is another important criteria in breeding programmes, identification of CAPS markers for 37 contigs will facilitate SNP genotyping even in low tech laboratories [ 63].
Understand genotyping.
Given the relatively small number of clones used in this study the objective of this work was not to describe fully the genetic effect but rather understand how intra-tree patterns might vary from genotype to genotype within a current breeding programme.
Bulls and cows in breeding programmes are often routinely genotyped for parentage verification, estimation of genomic breeding values and a variety of other purposes.
Nei's genetic distance was calculated for each pair of tomato genotypes using the programme in the software package PHYLIP 3.695 (http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip.html, 19 February 2014, date last accessed).
In addition, the assay was used to genotype more than 600 Belgian sheep within the TSE resistant breeding programme framework.
Thousands of individuals have been genotyped worldwide [ 3- 6], and this information has been used mainly for selection in breeding programmes.
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