Smaller genotypic sample size of the topcross experiment also contributes to reduced power of detection of SNP associations.
After excluding three genotypic samples without clear germplasm group assignment, 95.6% of the 600 k variants were polymorphic within Dent (N = 73), 98.7% in Flint (N = 79), and 97.2% within F1 hybrids (N = 23), respectively.
Note that these analyses only include highly significant genotypes from GWAS that have been independently replicated, thus they capture a minor proportion of the suspected genetic variance, and consequently there is not a strong expectation at this stage of genomic medicine that the relatively small genotypic samples should be predictive [ 31, 32].
MST and MLVA genotyping methods revealed genotypic diversity among samples from domestic ruminants and human in Hungary.
Second, we suggested that our results may be partly attributable to the increased ability of mutator lineages to sample genotypic space and so generate genotypes that are only very rarely accessed by wild type lineages (see [6], [11] and references therein).
Our results are consistent with the general consensus that mutator lineages have increased responsiveness to selection pressure as a result of their ability to sample genotypic space more widely in a given time interval ([6], [11] and references therein).
We calculated genotypic diversity per sample location using the diversity index R [ 43] as implemented in GenClone.
To sample genotypic space within species, empirical population genetics has closely followed the current state of the art molecular techniques for surveying genetic variation (Avise 1994).
We confirm an earlier prediction that hypermutability accelerates the breakdown of cooperation due to increased sampling of genotypic space, allowing mutator lineages to generate non-cooperative genotypes with the ability to persist at high frequency and dominate populations.
