Therefore, at the genomic level it is uncertain how well cell line subtypes faithfully represent tumor subtype counterparts.
At the genomic level, it is the exception, not the rule, when a causal relationship between a genetic variant and a clinical condition can be made absolutely.
Although adenocarcinomas of colon and rectum are hardly distinguishable at the genomic level, it remains debatable whether colon and rectal cancers should be considered as one or two distinct entities (Frattini et al, 2004; Cancer Genome Atlas Network, 2012).
Curiously, although the results of these two processes are similar, they are inversely correlated at the genomic level and it is unclear what conditions lead to one rather than the other [20].
This study verified that milk flow traits are complex and by including all information available from a SNP marker panel for all six milk flow traits in a selection index, milk flow pattern is taken into account on a genomic level, therefore it can be more advantageous in improving selection strategy.
After comparisons to the full genomic sequences we redrew the pangenome plots using the following rule: If a given pangene was found in 50% of the organisms or less at the annotated protein level, while at the genomic DNA level it was found in 75% of the genomes or more, then it was removed from the pangenome plot (figs. 2 and 3, right columns).
In other words, interspecific gene flow appears to be partially homogenizing genetic variation in portions of the genome that are free to cross the species boundary, permitting a comprehensive investigation of how species-level divergence is initiated at the genomic level and how it subsequently evolves.
It represents an important step towards answering the following fundamental question: Is microarray technology a reliable tool for furthering our understanding of biological systems at the genomic level or is it bound to produce a lot of biological/technological artefacts and largely generate false knowledge?
The density inside CNV duplications was much higher than the density that was observed at the whole genomic level; for CNV deletions it was the opposite.
Finally, concerning the studies of Janga et al., (2008) and De et al., (2008) both reporting important observations at genomic level, in our opinion, it cannot be directly related to our work, where the paralogs of a single gene (Wnt5) across several species is investigated, and not several genes within an organism.
To evaluate whether MLSA results are representative of population structure on the genomic level, comparative genome hybridization (CGH) was performed.
