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In summary, our unique paired samples from SMM and symptomatic MM from the same individual provide an important insight into both patterns of progression and mechanism driving the biological processes related with genomic evolution at different stages of the disease.
Together, these categories include all the major events of genomic evolution at this scale, and the relative frequencies of these events provide insight into the importance of proximity and strand-wise arrangement to proper gene function and regulation.
Finally, the results of these studies suggest that we should re-evaluate some of the cancer research models, for example, cell lines of metastatic origin (which largely exclude genomic evolution at distant sites) and preclinical models (which usually rely on the efficacy of drugs on primary tumors).
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While chromosome breakage, fusions, and rearrangements between catfish and zebrafish have occurred during genome evolution, at the genomic scale it is reasonable to assume that these widely distributed genes in the zebrafish genome will have a similar genomic distribution in catfish.
Whole genome sequencing allows investigation into genomic evolution and transmission at the highest resolution.
We have organized these examples by the "scale" of their changes: recurrent genomic evolution can be recognized at multiple scales, ranging from whole-genome patterns such as RGE (globally affecting numerous individual features at the same time) to specific changes within individual genes (such as the recurrent deletion of a regulatory DNA motif).
Finally, we investigated genomic evolution of white-eyes at an even finer taxonomic and temporal scale by comparing the genomes of two silvereye subspecies.
The study also furnishes new information concerning rates of murine genomic evolution and features of DNA mutagenesis (at the time of SNP formation) that should be viewed as "adaptive".
Such cases represent recurrent genomic evolution due to selective environmental pressures acting at on a specific subset of lineages.
These data suggest that, independent from patterns of genomic evolution, the mutational processes that shape the MM cell genome are already operative at the smoldering stage.
This provides important evidence of clonal heterogeneity at the time of initial diagnosis, with subsequent genomic evolution during the course of metastatic progression over a 9-year interval.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com