Sentence examples for genome mutation from inspiring English sources

This mutational rate is in accordance to the average mammalian genome mutation rate of 2.2 × 10−9 per base pair per year (Kumar and Subramanian 2002), but it could represent an underestimate because we did not correct for multiple hits.

Recent studies on gene signature in EC cells have reported numerous genetic disorders that initiate carcinogenesis: for instance, PTEN, which regulates normal cell function, is highly mutated in type I EC, whereas p53, which prevents genome mutation, is altered by up to 80 90 % in type II EC [ 3].

The genome mutation frequencies induced by RGNs are site-dependent, when using both tru-gRNAs and std-gRNAs.

The x axis gives a log scale of the time in years, applying a genome mutation rate of 4.6 * 10-9 per site and generation time of 2.86 years.

Public cancer genome mutation data was downloaded from their respective publication sites [8], [9], [11], [12], [14] and run through B-SIFT with protein sequences corresponding to the given transcript identifiers in each publication.

For an average entire genome mutation rate of 1.655 × 10−8 base substitution per nucleotide per year [33], female effective population size ranges from 359,200 in Masa to 5,423,000 in Buduma (Table 4).

Taffon, S, Genovese, D, Blasi, M, Pierotti, P, Degli Esposti, A, Catone, S, Chionne, P, Pulimanti, B, Candido, A, Dettori, S, Tosti, ME, Argentini, C, Mazzotta, F, and Rapicetta, M. "HBV whole-genome mutation profile in HIV-1/HBV coinfected patients in a long-term follow-up study". Infection 42, no. 4 (August 2014): 675-687.

Locus specific databases (see http://www.hgvs.org/dblist/glsdb.html for a comprehensive list) and "whole-genome" mutation databases such as HGMD [ 33], ClinVar [ 34], LOVD [ 35], and OMIM [ 36] are very informative resources for this task.

This was proposed by a recent whole-genome mutation study on E. coli (Lee et al. 2012), in which the transition/transversion ratio was elevated by about 32 times after mutL was knocked out.

In a technical track presentation, Frank Schacherer (BIOBASE GmbH) described Genome Trax and the Human Genome Mutation Database (HGMD) [ 46], two human-curated annotation sources for identifying functionally relevant variants in the human genome and understanding their effects in a medical context.

Similarly, the Human Genome Mutation Database, a manually curated database, classifies many missense mutations as disease-causing without providing compelling evidence from the literature to support the assignments.