Research into the production of H2 in cyanobacteria is at the moment focusing on the identification of new strains with specific H2 metabolism, optimising cultivation conditions in bioreactors and genetically modifying specific strains to enhance H2 production (McKinlay and Harwood 2010; Schütz et al. 2004; McNeely et al. 2010).
Since the protein capsid from the M13 bacteriophage can be genetically modified with specific peptides, it allowed the formation of nanoparticles, metal oxides, or other materials [3, 45].
Since phage-based vectors do not exhibit natural tropism towards mammalian cells and can be genetically modified for specific applications, modified phage-based vectors are an attractive alternative strategy for gene delivery.
Adoptive T cell therapies have begun to harness this potential by endowing a functionally diverse repertoire of T cells with genetically modified, tumor-specific recognition receptors.
The recent development of a bioengineered skin substitute containing human dermal fibroblasts with an epidermal layer of human keratinocytes derived from a stable cell line affords the opportunity to develop genetically modified, indication-specific tissues.
In addition, we discovered that adaptation to specific stresses prefers accumulation of genetically modified elements with specific mutator strengths.
A different strategy employs grafts of astrocytes that are genetically modified to produce specific molecules, such as growth factors, as therapeutic pumps to deliver those molecules in specific locations [ 18, 233].
Taking advantage of this high level of conservation, yeast strains have been genetically modified to encode specific transcriptional reporters responding to CTXs exposure.
This approach could introduce an enriched potentially therapeutic subpopulation of autologous cells or of cells genetically modified to target specific macrophage pathways to ameliorate fibrosis induction or to induce fibrosis resolution.
Biotechnology has developed to allow the production of genetically modified organisms carrying specific characteristics of interest.
