Current studies mainly focus on searching for genetic sequence variation which might miss the important phenotypic effects exerted by epigenetic polymorphisms.
Antipsychotic effects impacting on dopamine signaling may be modulated by genetic sequence variation.
Because the most common variants are SNPs, the term is often abused as a synonym for genetic sequence variation.
Genetic sequence variation within the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) has by tradition been considered to represent accumulation under the neutral equilibrium model [ 1, 2].
There is a negative association between the use of antipsychotics and cognitive functioning in bipolar patients, which may be mediated by altered dopamine signaling in selected brain areas, and moderation thereof by genetic sequence variation such as COMT Val108/158Met.
Results of attempts by the US Naval Research Laboratory to confirm the LFI results by using semi-nested reverse transcription PCR on fast technique for analysis of nucleic acid preserved samples were inconclusive, possibly because of genetic sequence variation from well-characterized strains or because of the timing of specimen collections.
Variability in NMD efficiency is found in cell lines, tissues, and among individuals, suggesting that the efficiency of NMD is an inherent feature of cells (Holbrook et al, 2004; Linde et al, 2007a) that can be modulated by genetic traits (sequence variations) (Tarpey et al, 2007), environmental conditions (hypoxia, amino acid starvation, etc).
This bias might lead to incorrect inference at positions with allele-specific methylation (genetic imprinting), sequence variation, hemi-methylation, sequencing errors, bisulfite failure or those that are heterogeneous over the cell population.
In order to unveil the details of T. gondii genetic diversity, sequence variation of the type II HSP40 ToxoDB (TGME49_2653109_265310, previously named TGME49_065310) [ 14] among T. gondii isolates from different hosts and geographical regions was examined in this study.
