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As cells became more complex, a need would have arisen for a stabler form of genetic information storage than that provided by RNA.
In parallel, the functions of DNA molecules have been expanded from pure genetic information storage to catalytic functions like those of protein enzymes (DNAzymes) and specific binding functions like antibodies (aptamers).
Increased recognition of the capability of nucleic acids beyond their roles in genetic information storage and transmission has come in large part from the discovery of a large number of synthetic functional nucleic acids (FNAs) and their applications as molecular tools.
"It shows that there is no overwhelming functional imperative for life to use DNA and RNA for genetic information storage and propagation.
The remaining transcripts were genes from different metabolic pathways and genetic information storage processes.
Archaea are prokaryotes, they resemble Bacteria in genome size, genome organization and the absence of a nuclear membrane, but their genetic information storage and expression components are generally more closely related to their eukaryotic than bacterial counterparts [ 1].
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In contrast to DNA, where the predominant role is the storage of genetic information, the biological role of RNA varies; ranging from a template-based intermediary in gene expression to playing a direct role in catalysis.
The same features that make DNA an effective molecule for the storage of genetic information also render it useful as an engineering material for the construction of smart objects at the nanometer scale because of its ability to self organize into desired structures via the specific hybridization of complementary sequences.
Since this trait is not related to the storage of genetic information, several authors [ 105, 112, 133, 159, 164, 165] have noted that this property could have been of some use when the UV flux at the surface of primordial Earth was much stronger than it is now [ 133, 134].
Unlike the genetic code and histone code, which underlie information storage and transfer for use, the epigenetic code and the redox code define the operations of the genetic and histone codes in the organizational structure, differentiation, and adaptation of an organism to the environment.
Polymerases evolved in nature to synthesize DNA and RNA, and they underlie the storage and flow of genetic information in all cells.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com