Prospects for malaria eradication will be greatly enhanced by an effective vaccine, but parasite genetic diversity poses a major impediment to malaria vaccine efficacy.
The estimated maternal heritability of ovulation rate is relatively high (0.23) [4], but other factors, such as environment and technical expertise, are potential impediments to determining genetic variations and identifying the specific genes involved.
Given such asymmetries, mobile genetic elements that have overcome impediments to colonization across the multiple domains, as well as the viruses, are important models for understanding what limits horizontal transfer across, and outside of, the Tree of Life.
Specifically, the variability that occurs owing to transgene copy number and insertion site has been a major impediment in quantifying the genetic factors that influence FP reporter gene expression in cells and mice.
Genetic differences may have resulted from impediments to gene flow in the population caused by mortality arising from exposure to heavy metal mixture pollution.
This vast amount of genetic variation has lead to an almost insurmountable impediment [24].
Most bacteriophages do not extend their host range beyond a single bacterial genus, and host specificity likely offers a substantial impediment to the free exchange of genetic material between phages of different bacterial hosts [5].
A major impediment to assay scalability is the extensive genetic diversity within, and immediately upstream of, Vpu's initial 5′ coding region, which has necessitated the design of oligonucleotide primers specific for each individual HIV-1 isolate (or subtype).
Information on genetic diversity in natural parasite populations constitutes a major impediment to vaccine development efforts and is limited in some endemic settings.
A rapidly growing body of evidence suggests that both inter- and intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity of breast cancer can be a severe impediment to the successful clinical development of innovative anticancer treatments.
