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In the above mentioned studies, genes were treated as single entities without regard to their neighbors in the interactome network consisting of a wide variety of interaction pairs such as protein-protein (PPI), domain-domain (DDI) and microRNA-mRNA interactions.
Consequently, there are 20 genes that can be mapped to PPIN of F. graminearum due to the incompleteness of PPIN, and these genes were treated as seed genes in sequel.
Polymorphic sites at nuclear genes were treated as base ambiguities.
In this case, tandemly arrayed genes were treated as a single gene copy.
Genes were treated as separate partitions and parameters were optimized specifically for each of them.
These genes were treated as the first genes not belonging to the PZ.
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"From a patent law standpoint, genes are treated just like any other chemical found in nature," said Q. Todd Dickinson, director of the patent office.
To capture the conventional ideas about genetic information under this theory, genes are treated as source variables and environments are treated as channel conditions.
Game theory has been fruitfully applied in evolutionary biology, where species and/or genes are treated as players, since pioneering work by Maynard Smith (1982) and his collaborators.
In order to evaluate the utility of the MiNeGS approach, we have compared it with a classical GS model in which all genes are treated individually.
Correlated changes in genes are more prominent in genes with gene products of related function; these will affect rate estimation if these genes are treated as multiple "independent" loci.
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