"Although 93% of genes' expression returned to normal postflight, a subset of several hundred 'space genes' were still disrupted after return to Earth," the update read.
The reason, he added, was that the computer programs for finding genes were still far less efficient than the method pursued by his company, one based on short DNA sequences called "expressed sequence tags" or E.S.T.'s.
In humans, dogs, and opossums, all three genes were still present, but mutations had rendered them inoperative; the last one stopped working 30 million to 70 million years ago.
Although optimized for E.coli, some human genes were still poorly expressed compared to their respective wildtype counterparts.
RT-PCR was used to confirm that the mutated virS genes were still transcribed in C. perfringens (data not shown).
Following the initial manual layout, a number of differentially expressed genes were still not assigned to a downstream position from the causal gene.
However, this does not imply that the gene has become immediately activated, as demonstrated by the fact that some of these genes were still repressed in differentiated tissues.
In the expanded analysis, the expression levels of these 10 genes were still significantly different with absolute fold change >4, p≤0.05 and consistency >85%, except genes SPP1 and NDRG2, which exhibited slightly decreased consistency (Figure 1).
However, 172 genes were still discerned to contain both −35 and −10 sigma 70 binding boxes.
All phycobiliprotein-encoding genes were still transcribed at significant levels in the heterocysts of phototrophic cultures.
However, those unknown epididymis-specific genes were still absent on the DNA chip.
