Sentence examples for genes were exposed from inspiring English sources

Additionally, in the summer of 2014, plants carrying different genotypes for Rf genes were exposed to heat stress (25 °C nights, and maximum daytime temperatures of 37 °C) in a greenhouse for 10 days during the flowering period.

We found that many protein products encoded by the positively selected genes were exposed on the cell surface or involved in structural constituents of bacterial cell wall.

It seems clear that these genes were exposed to strong balanced selective pressures, meaning that they were submitted to a type of selection favouring the maintenance of polymorphism within populations.

By contrast, 28/22 CGH assay documented 11 CNV events, which comprised seven microduplications and four microdeletion events and a total of 292 genes were exposed to CNV (table 1).

Morphant embryos for these candidate hypoxia-protective genes were exposed to both brief and moderate hypoxia protocols, sH 1d:5h) and sH(1.5d:30h), because these protocols caused low phenotypic injury in controls and were therefore poised to detect exacerbations of lethality due to MO inhibition of hypoxia-protective gene function (<10% and <20%, respectively; Figure 3B, Figure 4A).

Intra-cluster microdiversity is thought to persist because of weak selection pressures [33]; however, it is unknown to what extent nifH genes are exposed to in situ selection pressure.

Importantly, most of these genes are exposed to a negative selection pressure and appeared to be functional.

Because most genes are exposed to purifying (not positive) selection, these studies illustrate that the overall effect of purifying selection is to increase the degree of LD.

Then, more efforts were made on the detection of whether HGT genes are exposed to selective pressure after the shrimps diverged from their ancestor.

During active transcription, the coding strand of genes is exposed in a single-stranded state (Francino et al. 1996; Francino and Ochman 1997; Beletskii and Bhagwat 1998).

Thus, rainbow trout has a polymorphic TAP2a locus and the confusing sequence identities between the two TAP2 loci may suggest that these genes are exposed to recombination or gene conversion mechanisms.