The function of unknown genes is often inferred from comparisons to well-characterized homologs.
The expression of MGMT and MMR genes is often altered by promoter methylation, and new epigenetically active compounds are being designed to increase chemotherapeutic efficacy.
The regulatory architecture that controls developmental genes is often a collection of enhancers that, in combination, generate a complex spatial and temporal pattern of expression.
The expression of key developmental genes is often regulated by H3K9 and H3K27 hyper- or hypomethylation, and in mature osteoclasts, H3K27 at the promoter region of NFATc1 gene is markedly hypomethylated [11].
When measuring global transcript levels only, the effect of the perturbation [e.g., transcription factor (TF) overexpression or drug treatment] on its target genes is often obscured by delayed feedback and secondary effects until the changes are fully propagated.
Focusing on specific genes or regions is an especially good strategy for taxonomy projects, where variation in a few genes is often sufficient to place an organism on a phylogenetic tree.
Knowing that changing lifestyle changes our genes is often very motivating -- not to blame, but to empower.
Specifically, Id1 and Id3 were shown to have very similar expression patterns and targeting of both genes is often required to produce a phenotype [36].
Particularly in the context of tissue identity and differentiation, the miRNA paradigm [2] indicates that targeting multiple genes is often more effective to achieve a particular phenotype.
Switching expression of var genes is often accompanied by differences in the binding phenotype, allowing the parasite to escape the host's immune response.
Microarray data analysis for the selection of candidate genes is often the crucial step in the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of complex biological phenomena and diseases.
